Monitoring apparatus

ABSTRACT

In a monitoring apparatus, a target-object to be monitored is observed by an observing unit and a countermeasure is applied depending on an observed situation. The knowledge and information on the general feature relating to the target-object, the observing method and the countermeasure method are prepared in the storing unit of the monitoring apparatus. The individual knowledge and information relating to the target-object are registered by the user in the storing unit by utilizing the general monitor-knowledge. In the monitor-plan executing unit, the observing method and the countermeasure method of the target-object are planned in accordance with the situation by utilizing the general monitor-knowledge and the individual monitor-knowledge, and the plan is executed.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is based upon and claims the benefit of priority fromthe prior Japanese Patent Application No. 2002-097911, filed Mar. 29,2002, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

The present invention relates to a monitoring apparatus for monitoringobjects to detect abnormality of the object to be monitored andcountermeasure the abnormality of the object, particularly, to amonitoring apparatus capable of being widely used for various purposes,in which an appropriate guard method including observing andcountermeasure methods is automatically set by the minimum inputrequired for facilitating the introduction of the monitoring apparatusinto a general household.

2. Description of the Related Art

In general, a monitoring apparatus is equipped with a sensor formeasuring a physical amount to generate an electrical signal. Themonitoring apparatus analyzes the electrical signal generated from thesensor to monitor the state of the target-object to be monitored anddiscriminates the state of the target-object between at least twoclasses, i.e., between the normal state and the abnormal state. Also,where the state of the target-object is discriminated as an abnormalstate, an output signal relating to the abnormality such as a report oran alarm is generated. More positively, some measures for removing thecause of the abnormality are taken.

The monitoring apparatus of this type includes a monitoring apparatusutilizing a movable guarding robot that can move with sensors mountedthereon. The monitoring apparatus utilizing a robot is advantageous inthat the monitoring can be achieved by simply disposing the robot withina facility, in that a wide area can be guarded because the sensorsitself is moved, and in that a high degree of automatic guarding can beachieved by mounting a small number of high function sensors. Themonitoring apparatus of this type is not limited to the utilizing of amovable guarding robot alone and is capable of performing guarding moreeffectively by allowing the movable guarding robot to cooperate with acheap fixed sensor.

The particular movable guarding robot was proposed first as one of guardsystems directed to a large facility such as a building. The particularproposal includes, for example, “Guard Method Using Movable Guardingrobot” disclosed in Jpn. Pat. Appln. KOKAI Publication No. 5-159187. Itis proposed in this prior art that, where the movable guarding robotautomatically detects an abnormality, a calibration method is employedin which the guarding robot preliminarily makes a tour during the normaltime and calculates the threshold value of the abnormal detection fromthe sensor output (normal value) in each location on the tour route soas to discriminate without fail between the normal state and theabnormal state.

The guard method disclosed in Jpn. Pat. Appln. KOKAI Publication No.5-159187 referred to above does not require an exclusive guardian so asto lower the operating cost and, thus, the monitoring apparatus can beintroduced easily into the general household. To be more specific, themonitoring apparatus permits decreasing the economic burden required forthe introduction of the monitoring apparatus so as to make it possibleto pave the way to the introduction of the monitoring apparatus into thegeneral household. Particularly, compared with the monitoring apparatususing a large number of fixed guard cameras, the monitoring apparatusutilizing the movable guarding robot is unlikely to produce the feelingof being kept watched and, thus, produces the effect of alleviating thepsychological resistance felt by the general user. Also, the monitoringapparatus in which the state of the target-object to be monitored isreported to the user in place of an external guardian matches thefeeling of the general user that he does not wish to have the situationwithin the household overlooked.

An additional problem to be considered and resolved in introducing themonitoring apparatus into a general household is the ease of the initialsetting. In general, an exclusive setting staff initially sets themonitoring apparatus. To be more specific, in the guard method usingfixed sensors, prescribed sensors are arranged in prescribed locationssuch as a door and a window through which an intruder intrudes into thehousehold and a kitchen from which a fire is possibly brought about.These sensors are connected to a central apparatus arranged in eachhousehold and are further connected from the central apparatus to aremote guard center by using a public network. In a monitoring apparatusof this type, all the operations as to where which sensor is arrangedand which sensor is connected to which terminal of the central apparatusare determined and performed by the exclusive staff.

In the guard method utilizing a robot, it is necessary to set in themonitoring apparatus the information including the site to be monitoredwithin the facility and, where a plurality of sites are to be monitored,the route through which the robot makes a tour for monitoring the pluralsites and the matter to which attentions must be paid by the touringrobot in each guard site.

In general, the guard method, i.e., what and how the monitoringapparatus observes, is determined by the five procedures given below:

(A) Setting of the target-object to be monitored

(B) Expected damage

(C) Guard to be performed

(D) Evidence to be detected

(E) Required preparations and countermeasure

The process of determining the guard method will now be described withreference to FIG. 1.

Where the target-object (A) to be monitored is, for example, a window,the human being knows as a common sense that a thief is capable ofintruding (B) into the household through the window, though it issubstantially impossible for a fire to take place from the window and itis impossible for the window to be injured or to suffer from a diseasebecause the window is not a living creature, as shown in FIG. 1.Therefore, where the guard (C) to be performed includes options ofguarding for crime prevention, guarding for the disaster prevention, andguarding for the surveillance, it suffices to perform guarding withcrime prevention kept in mind in respect of the window. In this case, itsuffices to examine breakage of the glass, unlocking by the key, openingor closing of the window, and presence or absence of an intruder inrespect of the evidence (D) to be detected. If exclusive sensors fordetecting the breakage of the glass, etc., noted above are mounted onthe window, it suffices to monitor the outputs of the exclusive sensorsin respect of the required preparations and countermeasures (E). Also,in order to look into the breakage of the glass, etc., by using, forexample, a monitor camera, it is apparent that it suffices to mount themonitor camera such that the camera faces the window and is positionedto facilitate the image analysis of, for example, the glass and the lockand to set, for example, the zoom value. It should be noted, however,that some of the required preparations and countermeasures (E) can bedetermined appropriately by only experts.

In the conventional monitoring apparatus, users input the varioussetting on the monitoring apparatus as described in the procedures of(A) to (E) shown in FIG. 1. For example, in respect of the positionsetting of the movable guarding robot, any of the methods given below isemployed for teaching the position and posture that are to be taken bythe robot. One of the methods is a method of inputting the touring routeof the robot on a map of the facility displayed on a control terminal,and the other method is a method of actually operating the robot tostore in the robot the route through which the robot was actually moved(teaching play back). It is also possible to impart similarly to therobot the posture of the camera and the setting of the optical systemsuch as the focus, iris and zoom. In any case, the position and postureof the robot or the posture of the mounted camera and the setting of theoptical value are imparted directly as values. Also, as disclosed inJpn. Pat. Appln. KOKAI Publication No. 5-159187 referred to previously,the threshold value for the sensor to discriminate abnormality isimparted directly to the guarding robot even in the case where the robotis allowed to learn actually the output of the sensor during the normalstate.

Regardless of the situation that the human being (operator) knows whatthe target-object to be monitored is, the required and detailed valuesobtained as a result of item (E) given in FIG. 1 are imparted to themonitoring apparatus in place of the information as to what thetarget-object is. This is because the conventional monitoring apparatusis capable of knowing the target-object only as a series of valuesdetermined as a result of item (E) referred to above, and because asufficient knowledge and system for allowing the monitoring apparatus todetermine by itself the procedure of items (A) to (E) are not impartedat all to the monitoring apparatus. Therefore, the conventionalmonitoring apparatus is configured on the premise that the setting ofthe values is performed by expert staff, or the monitoring apparatusdoes not perform at all the particular operation and is capable ofperforming simple operations alone. Such being the situation, seriousproblems remain unsolved in the conventional monitoring apparatus aspointed out below.

Specifically, the operation to determine where and how the guarding isdone by using a certain monitoring apparatus under differing conditionsfalls within the domain of the security expert, which is determined inaccordance with the monitoring apparatus and the sensor used. Of course,it is difficult for the general domestic user, who is a nonprofessional,to impart by himself the particular information to the monitoringapparatus. In other words, it is difficult for the general user to setup by himself the monitoring apparatus bought from a store so as tooperate the monitoring apparatus in a manner to receive a high degree ofguarding.

It should be noted that the monitoring apparatus does not have aknowledge and a system for expecting the damage that is to be done tothe target-object to be monitored, for detecting the evidence requiredfor preventing the damage, for determining how to deal with thedifficulty, and for calculating the value required for overcoming thedifficulty. Under the circumstances, it is necessary for the laboriousdetailed setting operation to be performed by the human being in orderto perform guarding.

Where the target-object to be monitored is a window as exemplifiedabove, there is a guard method adapted for the window. Where thetarget-object is a small kitchen range, there is another guard methodadapted for the small kitchen range. Further, where the target-object isa baby, there is still another guard method adapted for the baby. Inthis fashion, the various target-objects to be monitored can beclassified into the “window class”, the “small kitchen range class”, andthe “baby class” in accordance with the pattern of the guard methodadapted for each of the various target-objects.

If the knowledge on, for example, the “window class” and the system forutilizing the knowledge are imparted to the monitoring apparatus forallowing the monitoring apparatus to perform by itself the procedure ofitems (A) to (E) given in FIG. 1, it is possible to allow the monitoringapparatus to plan a high degree of guarding for the “window” and toexecute the plan by simply teaching to the monitoring apparatus that thewindow of a kitchen that is to be monitored is the “window class” knownby the monitoring apparatus while eliminating the necessity ofdetermining and inputting the troublesome final values.

BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

An object of the present invention is to provide a monitoring apparatusthat can be used widely, in which, if the user designates thetarget-object to be monitored, it is possible for the monitoringapparatus itself to automatically determine a suitable guard methodadapted for monitoring the target-object based on the designation.

According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided amonitoring apparatus for monitoring an abnormality of each oftarget-objects and executing a countermeasure in accordance with aabnormal situation of the target-object, comprising:

first storing unit configured to store general monitor knowledge andinformation on a general feature of the target-objects, a generalobserving method of the target-objects and a general executing methodrelating to the target-objects;

input unit configured to input individual monitor knowledge andinformation on the respective target-objects with utilizing the generalmonitor knowledge and information;

second storing unit configured to store the individual monitor knowledgeand information;

planning unit configured to plan observing and countermeasure programsrelating to the abnormal situation of the target-object based on thegeneral and individual monitor-knowledge and information;

observing unit configured to observe the target-object in accordancewith a observing program to generate a situation information; and

executing unit configured to execute a countermeasure program inaccordance with the situation information from the observing unit.

According to an another aspect of the present invention, there isprovided a method of monitoring an abnormality of each of target-objectsand executing a countermeasure in accordance with a abnormal situationof the target-object, comprising:

storing general monitor knowledge and information on a general featureof the target-objects, a general observing method of the target-objectsand a general executing method relating to the target-objects;

inputting individual monitor knowledge and information on the respectivetarget-objects with utilizing the general monitor knowledge andinformation;

storing store the individual monitor knowledge and information;

planning observing and countermeasure programs relating to the abnormalsituation of the target-object based on the general and individualmonitor-knowledge and information;

observing the target-object in accordance with a observing program togenerate a situation information; and

executing a countermeasure program in accordance with the situationinformation from the observing the target-object.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWING

FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing the general process of determining theguard method in respect of a target-object to be monitored;

FIG. 2 is a functional block diagram showing the functions performed bya monitoring apparatus according to one embodiment of the presentinvention;

FIG. 3 schematically exemplifies the configuration of the apparatusesused in the monitoring apparatus shown in FIG. 2;

FIG. 4 conceptually shows as an example the relationship between theindividual monitor-knowledge and the general monitor-knowledge in themonitoring apparatus shown in FIG. 2 in terms of the hierarchystructure;

FIG. 5 shows the details of the individual monitor-knowledge, thegeneral monitor-knowledge and the abnormality detecting information inthe monitoring apparatus shown in FIG. 2;

FIG. 6 is a flowchart schematically showing the processing performed bythe monitoring apparatus shown in FIG. 2;

FIG. 7 is a flowchart showing the flow of the processing for registeringthe target-object to be monitored by the monitoring apparatus shown inFIG. 2;

FIG. 8 is a plan view schematically showing an example of the floor planhoused in the individual guard-data storing unit of the monitoringapparatus shown in FIG. 2;

FIG. 9 is a flowchart showing the flow of another processing in the caseof registering the target-object in the monitoring apparatus shown inFIG. 2;

FIG. 10 is a flowchart for explaining the processing between theintroduction of the monitoring apparatus and the finish of the guardoperation of the monitoring apparatus in the monitoring apparatus shownin FIG. 2;

FIG. 11 is a flowchart showing the flow of the processing during theself-control alarming time in an example in which the monitoringapparatus shown in FIG. 2 is applied to the crime prevention;

FIG. 12 is a flowchart showing the flow of the processing during theself-control alarming time in an example in which the monitoringapparatus shown in FIG. 2 is applied to the crime prevention;

FIG. 13 is a flowchart showing the flow of the processing during theremote control time in an example in which the monitoring apparatusshown in FIG. 2 is applied to the crime prevention;

FIG. 14 is a flowchart showing the flow of the processing during theremote control time in an example in which the monitoring apparatusshown in FIG. 2 is applied to the crime prevention;

FIG. 15 is a flowchart showing the flow of the processing in an examplein which the monitoring apparatus shown in FIG. 2 is applied to thecrime prevention; and

FIG. 16 is a block diagram showing as an example the configuration ofthe apparatus, covering the case where the monitoring apparatus shown inFIG. 2 is applied to the crime prevention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The monitoring apparatus according to one embodiment of the presentinvention will now be described with reference to the accompanyingdrawings.

(Functional Block Configuration)

FIG. 2 shows the configuration of the functional block according to oneembodiment of the monitoring apparatus of the present invention. Asshown in the drawing, the monitoring apparatus shown in FIG. 2 comprisesan observing unit 1, a countermeasure unit 2, a monitor-plan executingunit 3, an individual monitor-knowledge storing unit 4, a generalmonitor-knowledge storing unit 5 and a monitor-knowledge registeringunit 6.

The observing unit 1 comprises observing equipment capable of monitoringthe target-object to be monitored and serves to produce and outputinformation representing the presence or absence of an abnormality andthe kind of the abnormality and other required information. To be morespecific, the output signals are output from the sensors which aremounted on a movable guarding robot and arranged in an environment of,for example, a house in accordance with the instruction given from themonitor-plan executing unit 3 referred to herein later. The outputsignal are recognized and interpreted in the observing unit 1 so as togenerate the information representing the presence or absence of anabnormality and the other required information and to output theinformation thus generated as observing information. In this case, theobserving unit 1 controls a robot for realizing the required guardconditions including, for example, the position and posture of therobot, the posture and setting of a monitoring camera, the sensitivitiesof various sensors, and the setting of the threshold value fordiscriminating an abnormality so as to control various sensors.

The executing unit 2 executes prescribed countermeasures that areplanned on the basis of the observing information given from theobserving unit 1. In the executing unit 2, prescribed countermeasuresconforming with the situation such as the report and record on anabnormality, the repulse of a criminal, the fire extinction and theventilation are executed by fully utilizing the active devices mountedto a movable guarding robot or arranged in an environment such as ahouse or by fully utilizing the functions imparted to the executing unit2 itself.

The observing method of a target-object to be monitored and thecountermeasures are planned in the monitor-plan executing unit 3, andthe plan thus formed is imparted from the monitor-plan executing unit 3to the observing unit 1 and the executing unit 2. The monitor-planexecuting unit 3 selects the target-object to be monitored presently,determines the optimum guard condition in respect of the target-objectto be monitored, gives an instruction to the observing unit 1 to realizethe optimum guard condition thus determined, and is shifted to amonitoring condition while adjusting the instruction based on theinformation given from the observing unit 1. After the monitoringcondition has been realized, the monitor-plan executing unit 3 inspectsan abnormality of the target-object by using the observing unit 1, and,when an abnormality has been detected, determines the optimumcountermeasure. Further, the monitor-plan executing unit 3 gives aninstruction to the executing unit 2 to execute the optimumcountermeasure thus determined and evaluates the effect produced by thecountermeasure through the observing unit 1. Where the abnormality hasbeen resolved and where an abnormality has not been detected, the nexttarget-object to be monitored is determined and the guard is continued.

The individual monitor-knowledge storing unit 4 stores the individualknowledge and information on the target-object to be monitored. To bemore specific, stored in the individual monitor-knowledge storing unit 4is the individual monitor-knowledge including the informationrepresenting the class of the target-object to be monitored (code forthe kind of target-object) and, as required, the information forindividually distinguishing the target-object (name) as well as theinformation representing the site of the target-object in respect of thetarget-objects within the facility into which the monitoring apparatusis introduced. Also stored in the individual monitor-knowledge storingunit 4 is the information representing the class of the target-object,the information for individually distinguishing the target-object, andthe information denoting the site of the target-object in addition tothe individual monitor-knowledge referred to above.

Stored in the general monitor-knowledge storing unit 5 is the knowledgeand information on, for example, the general features, the observingmethod and the countermeasures on the target-object to be monitored. Tobe more specific, stored in the general monitor-knowledge storing unit 5are the guard condition procedure for determining the optimum guardcondition and for realizing the guard condition, an abnormalitydetection procedure for effectively detecting an abnormality of thetarget-object, and a countermeasure procedure for determining andexecuting the countermeasure when an abnormality has taken place inrespect of each class of the target-objects to be monitored. To be morespecific, these procedures are not the procedures inherent in thespecific target-object but the general monitor-knowledge prepared foreach of the known classes of the target-objects. The monitor-planexecuting unit 3 executes each of the procedures conforming with theclasses of the target-objects described in the individualmonitor-knowledge so as to plan and execute the guard method adapted forthe class of the target-object.

The monitor-knowledge registering unit 6 is equipped with an interfacefor registering the individual knowledge and information on thetarget-object in the individual monitor-knowledge storing unit 4, i.e.,a conversation unit for making a conversation with a user 7. It ispossible for the user 7 to input the individual monitor-knowledge viathe conversation unit included in the monitor-knowledge registering unit6 and to house the input individual monitor-knowledge in the individualmonitor-knowledge storing unit 4.

Incidentally, it is possible for the monitor-knowledge registering unit6 to include a unit for inputting the general monitor-knowledge from theoutside. For example, it is possible to receive appropriately thegeneral monitor-knowledge from the manufacturers of the monitoringapparatus by, for example, correspondence, to read appropriately thegeneral monitor-knowledge stored in a detachable recording medium, andto store in the general monitor-knowledge storing unit 5 the generalmonitor-knowledge that is received or read.

(Example of Equipment Configuration)

FIG. 3 exemplifies the configuration of the equipment for realizing themonitoring apparatus shown in FIG. 2. The monitoring apparatus shown inFIG. 3 comprises a movable guarding robot 11, a base station unit 12 anda charging unit 12. It is possible to add an external unit interlockedwith the movable guarding robot 11, the base station unit 12 or thecharging unit 13 by the wireless communication or the wire communicationto the monitoring apparatus. The external unit includes, for example, afire sensor 14 arranged in a house 23, a gas leakage sensor 15, aventilating fan 16, an electromotive gas cock 17, an electromagneticlock 18 mounted to a door 24 of the house 23, an opening-closing sensor19 of the electromagnetic lock 18, an electromagnetic lock 20 mounted toa window 25 of the house 23, an opening-closing sensor 21 of theelectromagnetic lock 20, and an electromotive curtain 22.

It is possible for the robot 11 to detect an abnormality of thetarget-object by using a sensor mounted to the robot 11 itself. Further,the robot 11 is capable of wireless communication with the base stationunit 12 and, thus, the information can be exchanged between the robot 11and the base station unit 12 even if the robot 11 is performing itsoperation at a site remote from the base station unit 12 mounted underan environment of, for example, a house. For example, the target-objectis observed by an image sensor (CCD camera) mounted on the robot 11 and,when an abnormality has been found, the image data is transmitted to thebase station unit 12 and the information for coping with the abnormalityis also transmitted to the base station unit 12.

The base station unit 12 is capable of communication with the chargingunit 13 and the various external units in addition to the robot 11 bymeans of the wireless communication or the wire communication. The powersaving type communicating unit capable of a wireless communication in ashort distance or a communicating unit using a power cable is used asthe communicating unit.

The base station unit 12 guards the state of communication with therobot 11, the charging unit 13 and the external units and detects anabnormality of the equipment itself based on the situation that theinterruption of the communication continues for a prescribed period oftime. Also, where, for example, the robot 11 detects an abnormality ofthe target-object and transmits the abnormality and the external unithousing a sensor detects an abnormality of the target-object andtransmits the abnormality, the base station unit 12 detects theoccurrence of the abnormality in the target-object from the receivedsignal transmitted in response to the communication reporting thedetection of the abnormality.

The observing unit 1, the monitor-plan executing unit 3, the executingunit 2, the individual monitor-knowledge storing unit 4, the generalmonitor-knowledge storing unit 5 and the monitor-knowledge registeringunit 6, which are shown in FIG. 2, are arranged within the robot 11 andwithin the base station unit 12. For example, the observing unit 1 andthe executing unit 2 are arranged within the movable guarding robot 11,and the monitor-plan executing unit 3, the individual monitor-knowledgestoring unit 4, the general monitor-knowledge storing unit 5 and themonitor-knowledge registering unit 6 are arranged within the basestation unit 12.

Also, it is possible to arrange in the base station unit 12 theexecuting unit 2 such as an alarm unit for generating an alarming sounddescribed below and the communicating unit for the communication via thepublic network as additional equipments.

The base station unit 12, which has detected an abnormality of theequipment or an abnormality of the target-object to be monitored, plansand executes some countermeasure behaviors. The countermeasure behaviorsplanned and executed by the base station unit 12 are classified intothree behaviors as given below:

Countermeasure behavior 1: To record and preserve with safety whatabnormality has been generated.

Countermeasure behavior 2: To report to the user without fail whatabnormality has been generated.

Countermeasure behavior 3: To suppress the damage produced by theabnormality to the minimum level.

For performing the countermeasure behavior 1 given above, the basestation unit 12 is equipped with a memory unit of a large capacity forrecording the kind of the generated abnormality and the output data ofthe sensor from the time slightly before generation of the abnormalityas a log provided with a time stamp. Incidentally, a part of the log isalso recorded and stored in the robot 11 in an overlapping fashion.

For performing the countermeasure behavior 2 given above, the basestation unit 12 is equipped with an alarming sound generating unit and acommunication unit through a public network so as to report thesituation to the neighboring people, to threaten the criminal or toreport the situation to, for example, a portable telephone of the user.

Further, for performing the countermeasure behavior 3 given above, thebase station unit 12 takes measures to eliminate the abnormal situationand to prevent the expansion of the damage caused by the abnormalsituation. In the case of, for example, a gas leakage, it is possiblefor the base station unit 12 to fasten the electromotive gas cock 17 andto turn the ventilating fan 16. Also, in the case of a fire, it ispossible to dispatch the robot 11 rapidly to the origin of the fire forthe extinction, if an extinction apparatus is mounted to the robot 11.

The charging unit 13 is docked with the robot 11 so as to charge thebattery housed in the robot 11 or to substitute a new battery for thebattery housed in robot 11, thereby supplying an electrical power fromthe charging unit 13 to the robot 11.

(Abnormality Detection in Apparatus)

A unique discriminating code is imparted to each of the apparatusesshown in FIG. 3. When some data or information is transmitted, the dataor information is transmitted in the form of a packet in which thediscriminating code is added to the packet header of the data orinformation. As a result, it is possible to confirm whether or not eachof the apparatuses communicating with the other apparatus, which is notlimited to the base station unit 12, is being operated. That is, theapparatus can transmit some packet periodically to the other apparatusesto confirm that which apparatus is transmitted the data or information.It follows that it is highly possible for the apparatus that has ceasedto transmit a packet to be disordered or to be destroyed by someone.

(Variation of Apparatus Configuration)

In the description given above, the monitoring apparatus includes unitssuch as the movable guarding robot 11, the base station unit 12, thecharging unit 13 and the external units 14 to 22. Alternatively, it ispossible to modify the monitoring apparatus of the present invention invarious fashions. For example, it is apparently possible to form themovable guarding robot 11 and the base station unit 12 as an integralapparatus, to form the base station unit 12 and the charging unit 13 asan integral apparatus, to mount only the active apparatus for copingwith the abnormality to the movable guarding robot 11, in place ofmounting the sensor for detecting an abnormality to the movable guardingrobot 11, for allowing the sensor of the external unit to detect anabnormality, or, by contraries, to exclude the external unit from theconfiguration of the monitoring apparatus.

(Configuration of Information)

The information required for allowing the apparatus according to thisembodiment of the present invention to perform the function of a monitorapparatus includes the individual monitor-knowledge having a highindividuality that is dependent on the user and the site described belowin detail, the general monitor-knowledge provided as a common factor,and the abnormality detecting information relating to the actualabnormality occurrence and the progress of the situation.

Each of the individual monitor-knowledge, the general monitor-knowledge,and the abnormality detecting information will now be described below indetail.

(Individual Monitor-Knowledge)

The individual monitor-knowledge is input into the individualmonitor-knowledge storing unit 4 via the monitor-knowledge registeringunit 6 by a user or by a site assistant assisting the user who does nothave a special expert knowledge. The input individual monitor-knowledgeis stored in the individual monitor-knowledge storing unit 4.

The individual monitor-knowledge is the information reflecting thesituation inherent in the site into which the monitoring apparatus isintroduced, i.e., the information showing the actual target-object to bemonitored, which is present in the home of the user, and represents whattarget-object is present in what part of the site. Also, where a sensorsuch as a gas leakage sensor, which is capable of interlocking with themonitor apparatus, or an external unit such as an active apparatus,which is capable of interlocking with the monitoring apparatus such asan electromotive lock, is arranged, it is possible to add theinformation denoting where and how the external unit is arranged to theindividual monitor-knowledge. The information on the target-object to bemonitored and on the external unit is represented by a hierarchystructure in view of the telescopic relationship. FIG. 4 exemplifies thehierarchy structure.

(Target-Object in Individual Monitor-Knowledge and Hierarchy Structureof External Unit)

FIG. 4 shows that there is a node No. 1 denoting the home of the user inthe uppermost position of the hierarchy structure. The nodesrepresenting the partition of the room arrangement such as node No. 1denoting the first floor kitchen and node No. 5 denoting the first floorliving room are positioned below the node No. 1 referred to above.Further, the nodes denoting the target-objects to be monitored such as asmall kitchen range (node No. 6), a window (node No. 7) and a kitchendoor (node No. 7) and the nodes denoting the external units such as agas leakage sensor (node No. 9) and a fire sensor (node No. 10) arepositioned below the node denoting the partition of the roomarrangement, e.g., below the kitchen denoted by the node No. 1.

Further, the nodes denoting the external units such as a breakage sensor(not shown) and an opening-closing sensor (not shown) are positionedbelow the node No. 7 denoting the window, and the nodes denoting theexternal units such as an opening-closing sensor (not shown) and anelectromagnetic lock (not shown) are positioned below the node No. 8denoting the kitchen door. Also, each of the window node No. 7 and thekitchen door node No. 8 includes a node (not shown) denoting the key andanother node (not shown) denoting the window glass as lowertarget-objects to be monitored. In this case, the electromagnetic locknode below the kitchen door node constitutes an external unit and, atthe same, constitutes the target-object to be monitored.

The nodes other than the target-object nodes in the lowermost positionsof the branches of the hierarchy structure, e.g., the node denoting thehome of the user in the uppermost position and the nodes denoting thekitchen and the living room in the intermediate positions, alsoconstitute target-objects to be monitored in a broad sense. In thiscase, the monitoring of the kitchen can be achieved by monitoring allthe target-objects in the lower positions including the small kitchenrange, the window and the kitchen door. Of course, the monitoring isachieved under the condition that a required procedure is allowed tocorrespond to the target-object node in the lowermost position of eachof the branches of the hierarchy structure. Consecutive numbers areimparted to the nodes. The consecutive number denotes in what arrangingfactor the node is stored in the case where the nodes are stored in amanner to form an arrangement. Also, a name such as “1F kitchen” isimparted to each node so as to facilitate the reading of the node whenthe user has registered the node in the individual monitor-knowledge.Further, the information denoting the class such as “kitchen” isimparted to the node denoting the target-object to be monitored and theexternal unit. If the class is clarified, it is possible for themonitoring apparatus to monitor satisfactorily the target-object to bemonitored, which is denoted by the node, and it is possible to utilizethe external unit denoted by the node.

The numbers denoting the parent node and the children nodes are impartedto all the nodes. The parent node represents the node positionedimmediately above the node in question, and the children nodes representthe nodes positioned immediately below the node in question. The numbersdenoting the parent node and the children nodes designate the factornumbers of the node arrangement referred to above and provide theinformation defining the stratum relationship of the nodes stored in theone-dimensional arrangement that does not have a stratum. Incidentally,“−1” is put to the node that does not have a parent node and a childnode.

Each of the nodes denoting the target-objects to be monitored and theexternal units, which are in the lowermost positions, has informationindicating auxiliary parameters such as the key type and the locationshown in the drawing in addition to the name and the class noted above.Also, information indicating the room arrangement (not shown) isimparted as required to the node corresponding to the house, the roomand the passageway. Further, the individual monitor-knowledge includesinformation for identifying the proper user separately from thehierarchy structure.

(General Monitor-Knowledge)

The general monitor-knowledge is the monitor-knowledge common with theapparatus prepared in advance by the system supervisor of the monitoringapparatus and is stored in the general monitor-knowledge storing unit 5.

The general monitor-knowledge includes a procedure library for realizingthe optimum monitoring method conforming with the class of thetarget-object as the information common with various sites and is storedin the general monitor-knowledge storing unit 5. The generalmonitor-knowledge corresponds to the knowledge common with the classesin respect of the target-objects to be monitored and the external unitsset by the individual monitor-knowledge referred to above, i.e.,corresponds to the information on the monitor preparation procedure fordetermining, for example, the distance and the zoom value adapted forthe monitoring, on the abnormality detection procedure adapted fordetection of the abnormality of each of the target-objects to bemonitored, and on the countermeasure action procedure for executing themeasures for suppressing the disaster expected at the time of theabnormality and the damage caused by the crime to the minimum level.Incidentally, the following two measures (table look up method andobject-directed programming) are considered to provide the methods fordetermining the monitoring method adapted for the target-object definedby the individual monitor-knowledge.

(Table Look up Method)

One of the methods for determining the monitoring method noted above isthe table look up method in which the information on the suitablemonitor preparation procedure, the abnormality detection procedure andthe countermeasure action procedure is referred to by the table indexingwith reference to the information on the class of the target-object tobe monitored. In this case, the table is prepared as the generalmonitor-knowledge. Each procedure is mounted as a program sub-routine,and the function library itself of each procedure is also supplied tothe monitoring apparatus as a part of the constituents of the generalmonitor-knowledge. The entry address of the function or the namespecifying the function is described in the table, and it is possible tocall a prescribed function routine by using the particular information.

(Object-Directed Programming)

The object-directed programming is the other method for determining themonitoring method referred to above. One object is determined inaccordance with the class of the target-object to be monitored. Eachobject includes the exclusive monitor preparation procedure, theabnormality detection procedure and the countermeasure action procedureas the method (program sub-routine), and each object constitutes thegeneral monitor-knowledge as an object library. The specific proceduresfor the monitor preparation, the abnormality detection and thecountermeasure action are imparted to every target-object to bemonitored as the method of the object corresponding to the class of thetarget-object to be monitored.

(Abnormality Detecting Information)

The abnormality detecting information collectively designates theinformation formed and utilized during operation of the monitoringapparatus including the output data of the various sensors mounted inthe observing unit 1, information on the presence or absence of anabnormality detected by analyzing the output data referred to above andon the kind of abnormality, the time at which the abnormality wasgenerated, and the time after generation of the abnormality.

The output in the past of the observing unit 1 and the situationrelating to the incident at that time are stored in the monitor-planexecuting unit 3 as the abnormality detecting information. When themonitor-plan executing unit 3 judges the presence or absence of theabnormality of the target-object to be monitored based on the output ofthe observing unit 1, the accuracy of the judgment is improved byreferring to the output in the past of the observing unit 1 and to thesituation relating to the incident at that time so as to reduceerroneous judgment.

(Details of Individual Monitor-Knowledge, General Monitor-Knowledge andAbnormality Detecting Information)

FIG. 5 shows a detail of the information described above.

The information stored as individual monitor-knowledge includesinformation on the name, class and location of the target-object to bemonitored, the sensor and the active apparatus (target-objectinformation, sensor information and active apparatus information), theinformation on the identifying code for the report to the proper userand on the order of priority in the case where there are a plurality oftelephone numbers and addresses in respect of the destination of thereport (access information), and the information on the roomarrangement, the floor material and the obstacles for permitting anappropriate movement in performing the movable monitoring (movablemonitor information).

On the other hand, the information stored as the generalmonitor-knowledge includes the observation knowledge referring to therelationships between the class and the monitor preparation procedureand between the class and the abnormality detection procedure, thecountermeasure knowledge referring to the relationship between the classand the countermeasure action procedure, the general knowledge on thetarget-object to be monitored, the sensor and the active apparatus, andthe program sub-routine group having various procedures mounted thereon.

The individual monitor-knowledge is formed by the input from the user.Where a new sensor, a new active apparatus, etc. are added, it ispossible to achieve the input easily by using the installer programhoused in the recording medium attached to the new sensor, etc. Theinstaller program is used for adding the individual monitor-knowledgeand the general monitor-knowledge relating to the classes of the sensorand the active apparatus that are newly added.

Incidentally, it is possible to prepare in advance the information suchas a table that permits deriving a prescribed calculated value, theresult of the information processing and the control parameter as thegeneral monitor-knowledge in place of the procedure for carrying out aprescribed processing (calculation, information processing and control).

(Process Configuration)

The monitoring apparatus has at least three operation modes (initialsetting mode, self-control defense mode and remote control mode).

The initial setting mode is the mode for registering and inputting theindividual monitor-knowledge in conformity with the site and forrenewing the general monitor-knowledge via, for example, a communicationcircuit and the recording medium, and constitutes the operation modethat must be executed at first after introduction of the monitoringapparatus.

The self-control defense mode is the mode in which the monitoringapparatus performs its monitoring operation in a self-controlledfashion. In the self-control defense mode, a crime preventing option forprotecting the property from, for example, a thief, a fire preventingoption for dealing with a fire, and a watching option for ensuring thesafety of, for example, a diseased person, an aged person and an infant,are carried out singly or in combination.

The remote control mode is the mode in which the user operates,particularly, the movable guarding robot and the electromotive camerapan head mounted to the monitoring apparatus so as to monitor the sitethrough the sensor of the monitoring apparatus or to move the monitoringapparatus to a prescribed site. It is possible to execute the remotecontrol mode from within the self-control defense mode as describedherein later.

The initial setting mode, the self-control defense mode and the remotecontrol mode are executed by the procedures shown in FIG. 6. To be morespecific, the operation of the monitoring apparatus is started up uponpower supply to the monitoring apparatus (step S1), as shown in FIG. 6.Then, if some instruction is given by the user to the monitoringapparatus through, for example, an operation input unit (switch, button,etc.), a voice instruction receiving unit (voice identifying apparatusor the like) and the communicating unit (a remote controller, a portabletelephone, etc.) mounted to the monitoring apparatus (downward branch ofstep S2), the operation is shifted to the mode conforming with theinstruction.

When the instruction designates the initial setting (downward branch ofstep S3), the monitoring apparatus is shifted to the initial settingmode (step S4), with the result that the individual monitor-knowledge isinput in a conversational manner, or the general monitor-knowledge isrenewed. When the instruction designates the self-control defense inplace of the initial setting (downward branch of step S5), themonitoring apparatus is shifted to the self-control defense mode (stepS6) so as to start the monitoring operation. When the instructiondesignates the remote control in place of the self-control defense(downward branch of step S7), the monitoring apparatus is shifted to theremote control mode (step S8) so as to receive the operation from theuser and to start its operation. Further, when the instructiondesignates the stop of the operation in place of the remote control(step S9), the monitoring apparatus stops its operation and shuts offthe power supply (step S10).

When the instruction does not designate any of the items referred toabove and, thus, is improper (rightward branch in step S9), the input ofthe next instruction is waited for (step S2).

When the instruction does not designate any of the items referred toabove and, thus, is improper (rightward branch in step S10), the inputof the next instruction is waited for (step S2).

(Registration)

The following description covers an example in which the user inputs theinformation on the target-object to be monitored in the individualmonitor-knowledge storing unit 4 and registers the input information byusing the monitor-knowledge registering unit 6 in the initial settingmode or the renewing mode of the apparatus.

FIG. 7 is a flowchart showing the flow of the processing in the case ofregistering the target-object to be monitored in the monitoringapparatus. If the processing shown in FIG. 7 is started (step S20), theuser inputs first the name of the target-object to be monitored byoperating a keyboard, by the voice input or by the selection from a list(step S21). If the name of the target-object to be monitored is input,the language of the name is analyzed so as to search the kind (class) ofthe apparatus of the target-object to be monitored, and the choices aredisplayed (step S22). Then, the user selects the kind from the choices,and it is confirmed whether or not the kind has been specified (stepsS23, S24). Where the kind is not specified, the operation is broughtback again to step S22). Where the kind is specified in step S24, theroom arrangement for selecting the installing site, e.g., the roomarrangement as shown in FIG. 8, is displayed. If the position of thetarget-object to be monitored is specified on the room arrangement (stepS26), the processing is finished (step S27).

The input from the choices can be achieved easily by allowing in advancethe apparatus to display successively the updated information based onthe information from the general monitor-knowledge storing unit 5prepared locally or on the network in the form of choices which can beregistered easily and by allowing the user to select the requiredinformation from the choices.

Also, if the target-object to be monitored has been specified, theinformation on the size of the target-object to be monitored and thedriver, etc. required for the operation are searched on the inter-net bythe server of each manufacturer and downloaded so as to be registered inthe individual monitor-knowledge storing unit 4 and the generalmonitor-knowledge storing unit 5 of the monitoring apparatus. Then, iffloor plan is already input into the individual monitor-knowledgestoring unit 4, the information on the site is input into the positionwithin the apparatus. If the floor plan is not input in the individualmonitor-knowledge storing unit 4, the installing site is measured andregistered by the input of the floor plan or by moving the monitoringapparatus to the position of the target-object to be monitored.

Given below are sequence examples {circle around (1)} to {circle around(14)} in registering a small kitchen range in the kitchen.

{circle around (1)} Screen display: “Please input the name.”

If the sequence is started in step S20, a message “Please input thename.” is displayed on the screen in step S21 so as to urge the user toinput the name.

{circle around (2)} Input by the user: “A small kitchen range in thekitchen”

The user inputs “a small kitchen range in the kitchen” in step S21.

{circle around (3)} Screen display: “Please input the kind . . . ‘crimeprevention’, ‘disaster prevention’, ‘watching’, ‘others’”

A message “Please input the kind.” is displayed on the screen, and“crime prevention”, “disaster prevention”, “watching”, and “others” arepresented as choices (step S22).

{circle around (4)} Input by the user: “Selection of disasterprevention”

If the user selects “disaster prevention” in step S23, the operation isshifted to step S24. Since all the kinds are not specified, theoperation is brought back to step S22.

{circle around (5)} Screen display: “Please input the kind . . .‘cooking’, ‘cleaning and washing’, ‘cooling or warming’ . . . ‘others’”

A message “Please input the kind.” is displayed on the screen, and“cooking”, “cleaning and washing”, “cooling or warming” and “others” arepresented as choices (step S22).

{circle around (6)} Input by the user: “Selection of cooking”

If the user selects “selection of cooking” in step S23, the operation isshifted to step S24. Since all the kinds are not specified, theoperation is brought back to step S22.

{circle around (7)} Screen display: “Please input the kind . . .‘electrical cooking range’, ‘small cooking stove’ ‘electromagneticcooking device’ . . . ‘others’”

A message “Please input the kind.” is displayed on the screen, and“electronic cooking range”, “small cooking stove”, “electromagneticcooking device” and “others” are presented as choices (step S22).

{circle around (8)} Input by the user: “Selection of small kitchenrange”

If the user selects “a small kitchen range” in step S23, the operationis shifted to step S24. Since all the kinds are not specified, theoperation is brought back to step S22.

{circle around (9)} Screen display: “Please input the name of themanufacturer . . . ‘### Inc.’, ‘∘Δ Inc.’ . . . ‘others’”

A message “Please input the name of the manufacturer.” is displayed onthe screen, and “### Inc.”, “∘Δ Inc.” and “others” are presented aschoices (step S22).

{circle around (10)} Input by the user: “Selection of “∘Δ Inc.”

If the user selects “∘Δ Inc.” in step S23, the operation is shifted tostep S24. Since all the kinds are not specified, the operation isbrought back to step S22.

{circle around (11)} Screen display: “Please input the model number . .. ‘AHA002’, ‘AVA234’ . . . ‘others’”

A message “Please input the model number.” is displayed on the screen,and “AHA002”, “AVA234” and others” are presented as choices (step S22).

{circle around (12)} Input by the user: “Selection or input (voice orkeyboard”

If the model number is selected, or if the model number is input byvoice or a keyboard, the operation is shifted to step S24, and theoperation is further shifted to step S25 on the grounds that all thekinds have been specified.

{circle around (13)} Screen display: “Presentation of ‘Please input thesite of installation . . . floor plan’”

A message “Please input the site of installation.” is displayed on thescreen and, at the same time, the floor plan as shown in FIG. 8 ispresented.

{circle around (14)} Input by the user: “click on the floor plan”

If the user clicks the installing site in order to designate the site onthe floor plan, the site is designated so as to finish the sequence(steps S25 and S26).

(Estimation of Information on the Kind and Site From the Name)

FIG. 9 is a flowchart showing an example in which another user inputsthe information on the target-object to be monitored in the individualmonitor-knowledge storing unit 4 by using the monitor-knowledgeregistering unit 6. In this case, where “a small kitchen range in thekitchen” is input by the input using the name, the Japanese language isanalyzed so as to distinguish the information between the information onthe site and the information on the kind from the name. Also, in thenext screen, the message is shifted from “a small kitchen range”, whichdenotes the kind, to the selection of the name of the manufacturer.Further, the floor plan of the kitchen is displayed from the site“kitchen” in inputting the site so as to make it possible to decreasethe input performed by the user.

The flow of the processing in registering the target-object to bemonitored in the monitoring apparatus will now be described withreference to FIG. 9. If the processing shown in FIG. 9 is started (stepS30), the user inputs first the name of the target-object to bemonitored by means of a keyboard input, a voice input or by theselection from a list (step S31). If the name of the target-object to bemonitored is input, the language of the name is analyzed so as to searchthe presence or absence of the choices relating to the kind (class) andthe site of the apparatus of the target-object to be monitored (stepS32). If the presence or absence of the information on the kind isrecognized as a result of the search (step S33), the result of thesearch is presented in the case where there is information on the kind(step S34). The kind (class) is confirmed by the user, and it is judgedwhether or not the kind is satisfactory (steps S35 and S36). If the kind(class) fails to meet the requirement in step S36, the operation isshifted to step S37. Where the information on the kind is not found instep S33, the choices relating to the kind (class) are presented (stepS37). The user selects the kind from the presented choices, and it isconfirmed whether or not the kind is specified (steps S38 and S39). Ifthe kind is not specified, the operation is brought back again to stepS37. Where the kind fails to meet the requirement in step S36, or wherethe kind is not specified in step S39, it is confirmed whether or notthere was information on the site (step S40). Where there is informationon the site, the information on the searched site is presented, and thepresented kind and site information are recognized by the user (stepsS42 and S43). It is confirmed whether or not the site information meetsthe requirement. Where the site information meets the requirement, theprocessing is finished (steps S43 and S46). On the other hand, where thesite information fails to meet the requirement, the room arrangement forselecting the installing site, e.g., the room arrangement as shown inFIG. 8, is presented. If the position of the target-object to bemonitored is designated on the floor plan, the processing is finished(steps S44, S45, S46).

<Presentation of Candidates for the Target-Object to be Monitored fromthe Input of Room Arrangement and Information on Room Arrangement>

A method using the floor plan as shown in FIG. 8 will now be describedas an example of the method of inputting the site information in theindividual monitor-knowledge storing unit.

Specifically, the user takes in the information on the room arrangement,i.e., a drawn floor plan or the design drawing obtained in the stage ofthe configuration, by using a camera of the monitoring apparatus. Inthis case, it is possible to obtain the floor plan opened on the web bythe constructor from the general monitor-knowledge storing unit bytaking in the information on the room arrangement by using, for example,another scanner or to input separately the floor plan noted above byusing the monitor-knowledge registering unit 6. The monitor-knowledgeregistering unit cuts the floor plan taken into the individualmonitor-knowledge storing unit into nodes having a hierarchy structure.For example, the inner region of a closed line is judged to be a room,and the user selects and determines the role of the room (kitchen,bathroom, etc.) from the choices rated in the order of the possibilityin view of, for example, the size of the room and the presence orabsence of the water supply. Then, the candidates of the target-objectto be monitored (e.g., kitchen and gas cock→small cooking stove) arepicked up as the lower stratum of the room nodes so as to be registeredas the target-object to be monitored automatically or by the instructionof the user presented on the room arrangement.

(Example of Application to Crime Prevention)

Described in the following is an example of applying the monitoringapparatus of the present invention for preventing a crime in the generalhousehold.

In the monitoring apparatus that is intended to prevent a crime in thegeneral household, the porch door and the kitchen door through which itis possible for an intruding thief to enter the house and the windows ofvarious sizes arranged in each room are set as the target-objects to bemonitored. In this case, a suspicious intruder from the outside isdetected by the opening-closing sensor mounted to each door and eachwindow or by an abnormality sensor such as a sound sensor mounted to arobot. It should be noted that the robot promptly goes to the site atwhich the abnormality has been detected so as to report the situation ofthe site to the user. Where a suspicious person has been found, therobot confirms the human being by the voice and the picture image,photographs the reflex of the suspicious person and reports thesituation to where to contact.

As shown in FIG. 2, the monitoring apparatus of the present inventioncomprises two data base station unit including the data base in whichthe knowledge information (individual monitor-knowledge) on theindividual target-object to be monitored is registered (individualmonitor-knowledge storing unit 4) and the data base in which the generalknowledge information (general monitor-knowledge) on the target-objectto be monitored is registered (general monitor-knowledge storing unit5). It should be noted that the monitor-plan executing unit 3 refers tothe knowledge information described in these data bases so as to formappropriate the observing method for detecting an abnormality of thetarget-object to be monitored and the method of the countermeasure thatshould be taken when an abnormality has been detected. Therefore, whenthe user installs the monitoring apparatus of the present invention inthe home of the user himself, it suffices to input the informationinherent in the home of the user himself such as the installing positionand type of the window and the door through the target-object knowledgeregistering unit 6 so as to register the input information in theindividual monitor-knowledge storing unit 4 as the individualmonitor-knowledge.

Described in the following are specific examples in respect of theregistering operation of the target-object to be monitored in themonitoring apparatus, the information for the monitoring operation thatis automatically formed by the monitoring apparatus in accordance withregistration of the target-object to be monitored, and the monitoringoperation performed by a movable guarding robot using the informationnoted above.

<Registration of Target-Object>

When the monitoring apparatus of the present invention is installed inthe home of the user, the information inherent in the home of the userhimself among the information on the window and the door which are to bemonitored is registered in the individual monitor-knowledge storing unit4. The specific information to be registered is as follows.

{circle around (1)} Name of the Target-Object (Door and Window)

In principle, the names of all the doors and the windows to be monitoredare registered by the user in the system in succession, which areprovided within the home of the user himself, and is used for specifyingeach door and each window. Examples of the names include a porch door, akitchen door, a south window in the living room, and an east window inthe living room. In order to alleviate the burden of the user relatingto the input operation, prepared is, for example, a method that the userselects the appropriate name from the list prepared by the system andshowing typical names.

{circle around (2)} Information on the Positions of the Target-Objects(Door and Window)

For registering the information on the positions of the door and thewindow which are to be monitored, the room (region) in which the doorand the window which are to be monitored are mounted is selected fromthe list (map) of the room arrangement of the home of the user himself,which is obtained and registered by another means, e.g., to receive theCAD data from the house manufacturer who constructed the home, and,then, the installing positions and the installing directions of the doorand the window within the room (region) are input. Concerning the inputmethod, prepared is a GUI input using the numeral input from a keyboardor a pointing device on a map. The information on the room arrangementis registered in the form of a hierarchy structure, and the standardcoordinate system of each room (region) is relatively described on thestandard coordinate system of the entire home. Also, the position anddirection of each door and window within each room (region) arerelatively described on the standard coordinate system of each room(region).

{circle around (3)} Information on the Types of the Target-Objects to beMonitored (Door and Window)

For the registration of the information on the types of the door andwindow which are to be monitored, a list of the properties(specification) for each type of the door and window is presented on thebasis of the general monitor-knowledge, and the registration isperformed by selecting the types of the corresponding door and windowfrom the list. The classes of the target-objects to be monitored (thedoor class and the window class or the sub-classes having a higherresolution) are determined by the information on the types.

<Information for Monitoring Operation Automatically Formed by the Systemin Accordance with Registration of Target-Object to be Monitored>

If the names specifying the door and the window which are to bemonitored, the position information and the type information areregistered by the user, the information given below, which is requiredfor the monitoring operation, is extracted from the generalmonitor-knowledge or is formed by the system as a key of theseinformation items.

{circle around (4)} Information on the Setting of the Site of theMonitoring Operation

The information on the monitoring site (where to be moved and thedirection) where an appropriate monitoring can be performed iscalculated when a monitoring robot monitors the door and the window,which are to be monitored, on the basis of the combination of theinformation on the positions and types of the door and the window whichare to be monitored and the information on the specification of themovable guarding robot. The information on these monitoring sites isdescribed on the standard coordinate system of the target-object to bemonitored.

{circle around (5)} Information on the Setting of Camera DuringMonitoring Operation

The information on, for example, the camera angle and the zoom value,which permits achieving an appropriate monitoring operation, iscalculated when a monitoring robot monitors the door and the window,which are to be monitored, on the basis of the combination of theinformation on the positions and types of door and window which are tobe monitored and the information on the specification of the movableguarding robot, as in the case of the information on the setting of thesite of the monitoring operation.

{circle around (6)} Information on the Kind of Monitoring

By selecting the door and the window as the target-objects to bemonitored, the system sets the kind of monitoring at the crimepreventing option including opening-closing monitoring and breakagemonitoring. Also, the information on the detecting unit and thecountermeasure unit, which are used depending on the kind of themonitoring, is taken out of the general monitor-knowledge.

{circle around (7)} Information on Detecting Unit Used

The system selects the opening-closing sensors mounted to the door andthe window, which are to be monitored, as the detecting unit for theopening-closing monitoring on the basis of the generalmonitor-knowledge. The selected opening-closing sensor of the door andthe window has a simple configuration that the opening-closing of thedoor and the window is detected by using, for example, light andmagnetic force. Selected as the detecting unit for the breakagemonitoring are a vibration sensor mounted to the door and the window,which are to be monitored, and a sound sensor mounted to the movableguarding robot. Also used is a sensor for detecting whether or not thedoor knob operation of the doors partitioning the rooms has beenperformed in order to check the moving situation of the human beingwithin the house. Further, selected is a judging process program forjudging whether or not the window and the door, which were monitored,have been broken from the outputs of the vibration sensor and the soundsensor in conformity with the sensor used. The outputs of the sensorsand the situations related to the incidences occurring at that time areaccumulated in the judging process program so as to keep the judgingprocess unit updated. Since many incidences in the past are accumulatedin the judging process program, the erroneous detection is suppressed bythe judging process program. Further, since the situation of themonitoring site is kept taken in as picture images by the camera mountedto the movable guarding robot, selected is a judging process program forjudging, for example, the opening-closing state of the door and thewindow, the opening-closing state of the key, and the broken state ofthe window glass from the obtained picture images.

{circle around (8)} Information on Countermeasure Unit

The monitoring apparatus forms an abnormality recognizing unit and aunit for dealing with the abnormality on the basis of the generalmonitor-knowledge in preparation for the detection of an abnormality inthe door and the window, which are to be monitored. For example, wherebreakage of the window has been detected, the monitoring apparatus formsthe moving route of the movable guarding robot along which the movableguarding robot is promptly moved from the waiting position to the siteof the monitoring operation for operating the camera mounted to themovable guarding robot so as to obtain the reflex for confirming thesituation of the broken window and also forms the procedure of theoperation. Also, where breakage of the window has been confirmed, themonitoring apparatus forms the procedure for reporting the situation inrespect of the details of the abnormality to, for example, the useroutside the house, the guarding company and the police station.

<Processing Between Introduction of Monitoring Apparatus and Finish ofMonitoring Operation Performed by the Monitoring Apparatus>

The processing between the introduction of the monitoring apparatus andthe finish of the monitoring operation performed by the monitoringapparatus will now be described with reference to FIG. 10 in respect ofthe monitoring apparatus shown in FIGS. 2 and 3.

If the operation of the monitoring apparatus is started (step S50), itis confirmed first whether or not the individual monitor-knowledge isregistered in the individual monitor-knowledge storing unit 4 (stepS51). If the operation of the monitoring apparatus is started firstafter introduction of the monitoring apparatus, the site of thetarget-object to be guarded such as the home of the user is not known atall to the monitoring apparatus. Therefore, the individualmonitor-knowledge inherent in the site is not registered in theindividual monitor-knowledge storing unit 4. In this case, the operationis automatically shifted rightward from step S51 to step S52.

In step S52, the individual monitor-knowledge corresponding to theinformation on the site is registered by the user. As already described,at least the map of the site (including, for example, the roomarrangement, the floor material and the obstacles), the target-objectsto be monitored arranged in the site (the classes and the positions) andthe initial position of the robot 11 must be registered as theindividual monitor-knowledge (steps S52-1 and S52-2). The monitoringapparatus is put on the market under the state that the sensor and theactive apparatus mounted to the movable guarding robot 11 have beenregistered in a part of the individual monitor-knowledge. Also, wherethe sensor and the active apparatus, which are sold as fittings of themonitoring apparatus, are mounted to the monitoring apparatus in thesite, it suffices to register the site alone because these classes arealready registered in a part of the individual monitor-knowledge. Wherethe sensor and the active apparatus, which are not attached to the robotbody 11 and the monitoring apparatus, are added to the monitoringapparatus in the site, it is necessary to register the classes and thepositions of these sensor and the active apparatus (steps S52-3 andS52-4). Incidentally, where the general monitor-knowledge correspondingto the classes of the sensor and the active apparatus which are to beadded is not registered in the general monitor-knowledge, it is possibleto install a part of the required general monitor-knowledge in themonitoring apparatus from the recording medium attached to the sensorand the active apparatus or on the on-line basis from the site of thesupply sources of the sensor and the active apparatus. If such anindividual monitor-knowledge is registered in the individualmonitor-knowledge storing unit 4 even if only one time, a flag denotingthe completion of the registration is recorded in the individualmonitor-knowledge storing unit 4.

If the site information is registered in the individualmonitor-knowledge storing unit 4 in the next step, the monitoringapparatus prepares a plan for the self-controlled monitoring of the siteby using the registered individual monitor-knowledge and the registeredgeneral monitor-knowledge (step S53). In the first step, the monitoringapparatus determines the preparation of the robot 11 adapted for thechecking of each of the target-objects to be monitored. The term“preparation” noted above represents, for example, the position andposture of the robot adapted for the robot to recognize an abnormalityof the target-object to be monitored and the adjusting factors such asthe sensor to be used and the setting of the sensitivity of the sensor.These information items can be calculated by calling the monitoringsystem determining method of the class of the target-object to bemonitored, which is described in the general monitor-knowledge, inaccordance with the class of the target-object to be monitored. Themethod permits determining, for example, the position on the floor planto which the robot should go and the posture that should be taken by therobot as well as the selection, the sensitivity and the directivity ofthe sensor utilized in this case from the position of the monitoringapparatus on the floor plan and the list of sensors mounted to themonitoring apparatus. In general, the position of the robot 11 relativeto the target-object to be monitored is given as a zone on the floor.The AND relationship between the zone thus given and the free space onthe floor plan within which the robot can move is obtained, and thecenter of gravity of the region meeting the AND relationship isdetermined as the position to which the robot should reach. If theposition is determined, the posture of the robot 11 is determined by thepositional relationship between the position in question and thetarget-object to be monitored. At the same time, the details such as thekind, sensitivity and directivity of the sensor are determined inaccordance with the distance relationship with the target-object to bemonitored and the contents of the abnormality that should be clarified(step S53-1).

If the monitoring position of the robot 11 is determined for each of thetarget-objects to be monitored, calculated are the circulating order andthe circulating route on the map, which permit the robot to circulateall the target-objects to be monitored in the shortest distance startingfrom the initial position of the robot (step S53-2).

If the circulating order and the circulating route are determined, thefirst target-object to be monitored in the circulating order is set atthe present target-object to be monitored in step S54, and theself-controlled monitoring operation relating to the target-object to bemonitored is started (step S55).

In step S55, the robot 11 is moved first in a self-controlled fashion tothe monitoring position for confirming the abnormality in the presenttarget-object to be monitored (step S55-1). The robot 11 is moved whileavoiding the obstacles which are not shown in the map by fully utilizingthe sensors such as a camera and an ultrasonic sensor mounted to therobot 11 so as to reach the monitoring position (step S55-2). Also, therobot 11 is moved while adding to the map the portion differing from themap such as the obstacles which have been found every time thedifference is found (step S55-3). In reaching the monitoring position,the robot 11 assumes a prescribed posture as the monitoring posture soas to set the required sensor (step S53-4) and to confirm an abnormalityin the target-object to be monitored (step S55-5).

If an abnormality has been found in this step, the operation is brancheddownward from step S56 to reach step S57 such that the monitoringapparatus determines the required countermeasure action from the generalmonitor-knowledge (step S57-1) and executes the countermeasure actionthus determined (step S57-2). The countermeasure action is executed byfully utilizing the active apparatus in addition to the transmission ofinformation such as the report to the user. For example, thecountermeasure is executed by means of the threatening of the intruderwith a siren or a flash, the shut off of the gas by the operation of anelectromagnetic valve, the start-up of the ventilating fan, and therecording with a camera reflex and a microphone sound.

Where the countermeasure action has been taken, the monitoring apparatusconfirms the effect of the countermeasure action (step S58). The effectof the countermeasure action can be confirmed because the output of thesensor representing the abnormality is decreased or eliminated. In thecase of, for example, the gas leakage, the shut off of the gas taken asthe countermeasure action is regarded as being effective if the gasconcentration has been found to be decreased. Also, where the gasconcentration is lowered to a completely safe value, the monitoringoperation is continued on the basis that the problem has been settled(steps S59 and S60). By contraries, if the gas concentration is notfound to be decreased, the problem is serious because the gas leakagetakes place in a position differing from the monitoring position. Wherethe emergency measure that can be taken by the monitoring apparatusfails to produce the effect, the monitoring apparatus reports thesituation to the user and it is necessary for the user to take othercountermeasures (leftward branch of step S58). For example, it isnecessary for the user receiving the report from the monitoringapparatus to report the situation to the guarding company, the policestation or the fire station.

The processing in the steps referred to above ranging between step S55and step S60 relative to a single target-object to be monitored isrepeated until the confirmation of all the target-objects to bemonitored in a single tour is finished.

Incidentally, concerning the conditional branch of step S51, theoperation is automatically branched rightward if a registration-finishflag denoting that the initial registration of the individualmonitor-knowledge has been performed is not recorded in the individualmonitor-knowledge storing unit. Also, where the registration-finish flagis recorded in the individual monitor-knowledge storing unit, theoperation is branched rightward only when the user has given aninstruction to the monitoring apparatus through the operational inputdevice such as a switch of the monitoring apparatus to the effect that anew information is added to the individual monitor-knowledge after theregistration or the individual monitor-knowledge after the registrationis changed. Where the initial registration has already been performedand it is unnecessary to change the registered contents, the conditionalbranch is shifted to the downward branch so as to reach step S53 byskipping step S52. In this case, only the calculation of the circulatingroute is executed again (step S53-2) in step S53 in preparation for thecase where new obstacles are detected in the past tour so as to renewthe map information.

As described above, in the monitoring apparatus according to oneembodiment of the present invention, the individual monitor-knowledgehaving a high individuality is housed in the individualmonitor-knowledge storing unit 4 under the assistance by the generalmonitor-knowledge housed in the general monitor-knowledge storing unit 5included in the monitoring apparatus of the present invention. Becauseof the particular configuration, if the user designates thetarget-object to be monitored, it is possible for the monitoringapparatus itself to determine automatically an appropriate monitoringmethod for monitoring the target-object on the basis of the designation.In addition, it is possible to automatically determine, for example, themonitoring preparation, the algorithm for the detection and processingof the abnormality and the contents of the countermeasure which shouldbe taken in the event of an abnormality occurrence, which are includedin the appropriate monitoring method. It is unnecessary for the user toset in detail by bothering the brain of the user himself the preparationon the side of the monitoring apparatus for monitoring the target-objectsuch as the position and posture of the movable guarding robot, theposture of the monitoring camera, the state of the optical system suchas the focus, iris and zoom, the sensitivities of the various sensors,the threshold value for judging the abnormality, and the effectivecountermeasure method. To be more specific, if the user including anamateur user designates the target-object to be monitored, it ispossible for the monitoring apparatus itself to determine automaticallyan appropriate monitoring method for monitoring the target-object to bemonitored including, for example, the algorithm for the monitoringsystem as well as for the detection and processing of the abnormality,and the specific countermeasure in an event of an abnormalityoccurrence.

Actual applications of the monitoring apparatus and modificationsthereof will now be described.

<Specific Examples of Monitoring Operation Performed by Movable GuardingRobot>

Where the monitoring apparatus permits the movable guarding robot toperform the monitoring operation within the house of the user, there aretwo modes including a presence mode, which is the monitoring modeperformed when the user stays in the house, and an absence mode, whichis the monitoring mode performed when the user does not stay in thehouse. The monitoring operation is performed while automaticallyswitching the monitoring modes depending on the situation. A specificexample of the defense in which the monitoring operation is performedwhile automatically switching the monitoring modes depending on thesituation, i.e., the processing of the self-controlled defense, will nowbe described with reference to FIGS. 11 and 12.

If the self-controlled defense is started (step S70), the movableguarding robot 11 starts its monitoring operation in a certain waitingsite (step S71). Where it is confirmed whether or not theself-controlled defense is finished in step S72, the self-controlleddefense is finished when it is confirmed that the self-controlleddefense has been finished (step S73). Where the self-controlled defensehas not been finished, it is confirmed in step S74 whether or not anabnormality has been detected in the observing unit 1. Where anabnormality has not been detected, it is confirmed whether or not thetime for the movable guarding robot 11 to start its tour for themonitoring operation has been reached (step S75). Where the time tostart the tour for the monitoring operation has not yet been reached,the operation is brought back again to step S71 and the monitoringoperation in the waiting site is maintained. If the time to start thetour for the monitoring operation is reached in step S75, the movingroute to reach the monitoring position listed as the target-object to bemonitored is formed in the monitor-plan executing unit 3 on the basis ofthe individual monitor-knowledge and the general monitor-knowledge (stepS76). Then, the movable guarding robot 11 starts its movement to themonitoring position listed as the target-object to be monitored alongthe moving route thus formed (step S77). Further, in step S78, it isconfirmed whether or not an abnormality has been detected in the movableguarding robot 11 during its movement. Where an abnormality has not beendetected, the target-object is monitored so as to automatically judgewhether or not there is an abnormality in the target-object to bemonitored (step S80). Then, it is confirmed in step S80 whether or notan abnormality has been found in the automatic judgment. If anabnormality is not found in this step, it is confirmed whether or notthere is a next target-object to be monitored in the list (step S81).Where there is the next target-object to be monitored, the operation isbrought back to step S76. On the other hand, where the nexttarget-object to be monitored is not found, the movable guarding robot11 is brought back to the waiting site (step S82) so as to continueagain the monitoring operation in the waiting site as shown in step S71.

If an abnormality is detected in steps S74 and S78, the target object inwhich the abnormality has been detected is specified (step S83). Inorder to move the guarding robot 11 to the monitoring position formonitoring the target-object, formed is a moving route leading to themonitoring position (step S84). The movable guarding robot 11 begins tomove to the monitoring position along the moving route (step S85). Ifthe guarding robot 11 reaches the monitoring position, the target-objectis monitored (step S86) and the details of the abnormality occurring inthe target-object to be monitored are automatically judged (step S87).Incidentally, where an abnormality is found in the automatic judgment instep S80, the details of the abnormality in the target-object areautomatically judged.

Where a fixed sensor has detected an abnormality in specifying thetarget-object in which the abnormality has been detected, themonitor-plan executing unit 3 obtains the map information included inthe individual monitor-knowledge, and the site at which the abnormalityhas been generated is specified on the basis of the map information.Also, where the sensor mounted to the guarding robot 11 has detected anabnormality, the monitor-plan executing unit 3 obtains the relatedinformation from the sensor signal, and the site at which theabnormality has been generated is specified on the basis of the mapinformation. For example, where a stereo microphone has detected a soundgenerated when a glass is cracked, the source of the sound is specifiedso as to determine the direction of the window glass, and position ofthe window glass is specified from the map information. Where the doorand the window through which it is possible for a suspicious person tointrude into the house from the outside constitute the target-objects tobe monitored, utilized as the observing apparatus is an opening-closingsensor for detecting an abnormality in the door and the windowconstituting the target-objects to be monitored, a vibration sensor, asound sensor mounted to the guarding robot 11 or a TV camera. Also,where a room door for detecting a suspicious person intruding into thehouse and hanging about within the room constitutes the target-object tobe monitored, the presence of the intruder is detected by the output ofthe opening-closing sensor, which is an observing apparatus mounted tothe room door when the family is absent.

When the guarding robot is moved to the site of the abnormalitygeneration, the monitor-plan executing unit 3 specifies the presentposition of the guarding robot 11 and permits the guarding robot to bemoved to the site of the abnormality generation while avoiding theobstacle by utilizing various sensors, running over the obstacle byutilizing the countermeasure mechanism of the guarding robot 11 itself,or passing through, for example, the door.

If the contents of the abnormality are judged, it is judged whether ornot it is possible for the guarding robot 11 to deal with the contentsof the abnormality (step S88). The judgment is executed by themonitor-plan executing unit 3. For example, it is assumed as an exampleof the measure for dealing with the abnormality that a door knoboperating apparatus constituting a countermeasure unit is mounted to theroom door that is monitored in addition to the observing unit of theopening-closing sensor, and the door knob is automatically operated uponreceipt of a remote control signal emitted from the movable guardingrobot constituting the other countermeasure unit so as to confine theintruder within the room. Also, when the observing unit has found asuspicious person hanging about within the room, it is possible for thecountermeasure unit of the movable guarding robot to be moved to thesite and to talk to the suspicious person so as to obtain the voice ofthe response and the reflex, thereby identifying the suspicious person.In this case, the identified suspicious person is reported to where tocontact.

If it is impossible for the guarding robot 11 to deal with the contentsof the abnormality, a manual countermeasure is determined (step S89) andthe contents of the abnormality are reported. If the manualcountermeasure is determined, the movable guarding robot 11 is broughtback to the waiting position (step S90). Where the movable guardingrobot 11 is capable of dealing with the contents of the abnormality instep S88, a countermeasure that can be taken by the guarding robot 11 isautomatically applied. Alternatively, another countermeasure unit isimparted to the guarding robot 11 by a manual remote control operationso as to deal with the contents of the abnormality (step S89). Thesituation of dealing with the abnormality is monitored (step S90). Also,the reflex is recorded and the monitored reflex is transmitted. Further,the result of the countermeasure is judged in the monitor-plan executingunit 3 (step S91). In step S92, it is confirmed whether or notapplication of the countermeasure has been finished. Where applicationof the countermeasure has not yet been finished, the operation isbrought back to step S89. On the other, where the application of thecountermeasure has been finished, the movable guarding robot 11 isbrought back to the waiting site (step 90) so as to continue again themonitoring in the waiting site as in step S71.

In the self-controlled defense described above, the items given beloware judged in accordance with each mode, and various kinds of processingare carried out.

In the presence mode, which is the monitoring mode at the time when theuser stays in the house, the movable guarding robot 11 periodicallymakes a tour for monitoring the monitoring sites within the house,particularly, the room in which the family does not stay. When thesensor has detected an abnormality, the abnormality is reported to thefamily by, for example, an alarm sound, and the movable guarding robot11 makes an emergency movement to the site at which the abnormality hasbeen detected.

Also, in the absence mode, which is the monitoring mode at the time whenthe family is not in the house, the movable guarding robot 11periodically makes a tour for monitoring the monitoring sites within theentire house, particularly, the sites into which it is possible for asuspicious person to intrude. When the sensor has detected anabnormality, the movable guarding robot 11 makes an emergency movementto the site at which the abnormality has been detected so as to confirmthe situation of the site, to obtain a reflex, and to report thesituation to the family outside the house.

The switching between the presence mode and the absence mode isautomatically judged and performed by the movable guarding robot 11, ifthe user talks to the movable guarding robot 11 when he goes out ofdoors and when he comes back home. For example, every time the door knoboperation sensor detects that the family goes to the porch during thepresence mode, the movable guarding robot 11 goes to the porch forseeing the family off. If the user talks to the movable guarding robot11, saying “I'm going now.”, the movable guarding robot 11 performs thehuman being identification by the voice recognition and the face imageprocessing so as to confirm who of the family goes out. When all thefamily members registered in advance in the movable guarding robot 11have been judged to be in the state of going out, it is detected thatthe porch door is closed and locked. At the same time, the monitoringmode of the movable guarding robot 11 is switched from the presence modeto the absence mode. On the other hand, if some of the family comeshomes and enters the house by unlocking the porch, the movable guardingrobot 11 also comes out to greet the family at the porch. If the usertalks to the movable guarding robot 11, saying “I'm coming now.”, therobot 11 performs the human being identification by the voicerecognition and the face image processing as at the time of going out soas to confirm who of the family has come home and to switch themonitoring mode to the presence mode. If the robot 11 has judged that aperson other than the family registered in the robot 11 has entered thehouse, the measure against a suspicious person described herein later isexecuted. Incidentally, the switching of the monitoring mode can beutilized as a material for judging the reasonableness of the switchingby allowing the robot 11 to learn the daily schedules of all the familymembers. To be more specific, it is possible to perform an automaticswitching between the monitoring in the presence mode and themonitoring-in the absence mode by allowing the monitor-plan executingunit 3 to learn the daily schedules of all the family members. Also, itis desirable for the reasonableness of the switching to be judged in themonitor-plan executing unit 3 so as to prevent the switching of themonitoring mode based on the erroneous judgment.

Where the door knob operation sensor has performed its operation whenthe monitoring mode is set at the absence mode, it is judged that it ispossible for a suspicious person to be hanging about within the houseand, thus, the movable guarding robot 11 promptly goes to the site forconfirmation of the situation. Incidentally, the door knob operationsensor also performs the function of the door knob operating apparatus.When the movable guarding robot 11 periodically makes a tour for themonitoring operation, it is possible for the robot 11 to perform thedoor knob operation for allowing the robot 11 to pass through the doorsection by transmitting a remote control signal from the robot 11.

Concerning the countermeasure that is taken by the movable guardingrobot 11 when an abnormality has been detected during the absence mode,the robot 11 is promptly moved by the self-controlled movement to thesite at which the abnormality has been detected so as to photograph theentire reflex and the zoom up reflex for confirming the situation of thesite. The automatic judgment in respect of the contents of theabnormality such as the breakage of the window glass and theopening-closing situation of the window is attempted by the movableguarding robot 11 on the basis of the obtained reflexes. At the sametime, the result of the automatic judgment and the reflexes of the siteare transmitted to the user outside the house. The user outside thehouse judges the situation based on the reflexes of the site so as tooperate the robot 11 by means of the remote control operation or toreport the situation to the guarding company and the police station, asrequired. Also, where a suspicious person hanging about within the househas been detected, it is possible for the movable guarding robot 11 totalk to the suspicious person with a synthetic voice so as to performthe identification of the human being and to photograph the reflex ofthe suspicious person, the photo thus obtained being transmitted to theuser outside the house. It is also possible for the user outside thehouse to talk to the suspicious person via the robot 11.

The processing for the remote control of the monitoring apparatus willnow be described with reference to FIGS. 13 and 14.

If the remote control is started in step S101, the connection betweenthe user in a remote location and the monitoring apparatus isestablished (step S102). Under this state, it is confirmed whether ornot an abnormality has been detected (step S103). Where an abnormalityhas been detected in step S103, the information on the abnormality istransmitted to the user (step S104). On the other hand, where anabnormality has not been detected in step S103, the user selects fromthe remote location a certain demand from a list of prescribed demandsvia a communication system (step S105). It is confirmed whether or notthe demand selected by the user is a demand for transmitting the statusof the movable guarding robot 11 (step S106). If it is confirmed in stepS106 that the transmitting demand has been selected by the user, thestatus information on the guarding robot 11 is transmitted to the userin step S107. After steps S106 and S107, it is confirmed in step S108whether or not the demand for transmitting the reflex data photographedby the camera mounted to the guarding robot 11 is included in thedemands selected by the user (step S110). If it is confirmed in stepS110 that the demand for transmitting the reflected data is included inthe demands selected by the user, the reflex data photographed by thecamera mounted to the guarding robot 11 is transmitted to the user (stepS111). Then, it is confirmed in step S112 whether or not the demand fortransmitting the reflex data from a camera fixed within the roommonitored by the guarding robot 11 is included in the demands selectedby the user. Where the demand for transmitting the reflex data from thefixed camera is included in the demands selected by the user, the reflexdate photographed by the fixed camera is transmitted to the user (stepS113). Also, it is confirmed whether or not the demand for moving theguarding robot 11 is included in the demands selected by the user (stepS114). If the demand for moving the guarding robot 11 is included in thedemands selected by the user, the guarding robot 11 is moved.

In moving the guarding robot 11, the instruction given below is given tothe guarding robot 11 in the monitor-plan executing unit 3. If a menu ofthe target-objects to be monitored (window A or small kitchen range B)is prepared as an individual supervising knowledge, the menu is given tothe user. In accordance with the selection by the user on the menu, themonitor-plan executing unit 3 gives an instruction to the movableguarding robot 11 to move, for example, the window A or the smallkitchen range B to the monitoring position. Where a menu relating to thedestination of the movement (kitchen or living room) is prepared asindividual supervising knowledge, the monitor-plan executing unit 3gives an instruction relating to the destination of the movement to theguarding robot 11. On the other hand, where a map is prepared asindividual supervising knowledge, the monitor-plan executing unit 3gives an instruction for the user to move the guarding robot 11 to thedesignated location. Alternatively, where the user has set the movingamount (e.g., moving forward by 1 m, swinging rightward by 90°) of theguarding robot 11, the monitor-plan executing unit 3 gives aninstruction to move the guarding robot 11 by the moving amount thus set.

If the steps 116 and 117 are finished, it is confirmed whether or notthe remote control has been finished. Where the remote control has notyet been finished, the operation is brought back to step S105, and allthe demands selected by the user are checked. On the other hand, wherethe remote control has been finished, the operation for cutting theconnection between the user and the monitoring apparatus is executed instep S119. Then, the processing for the remote control is finished instep S120.

(Examples of Application to Disaster Prevention)

Described in the following is an example of using the monitoringapparatus for this embodiment for dealing with a fire in the generalhousehold.

FIG. 15 shows the processing in the case where the monitoring apparatusof the present invention is applied to the disaster prevention. Also,FIG. 16 exemplifies the configuration of the monitoring apparatus usedfor the disaster prevention.

As shown in FIG. 16, the monitoring apparatus comprises a movableguarding robot 11 and a home server corresponding to a sensor 30, acountermeasure unit 20 and a base station unit 12, which are mountedwithin a house. The movable guarding robot 11 is provided with a monitorcamera 11A for photographing the target-object to be monitored withinthe house by the movable guarding robot 11, a sensor 11B for detectingan abnormality relating to the target-object other than the movableguarding robot 11, an internal sensor 11C for detecting the state of themovable guarding robot 11, and a driving unit 11F for moving the movableguarding robot 11. The movable guarding robot 11 is also provided with acommunicating unit 11D for the data transmission to and from the homeserver 12. It should be noted that the communicating unit 11Dconstitutes a local area network between the movable guarding robot 11and the home server 12. Also, the movable guarding robot 11 is providedwith a communicating unit 11E for connection to, for example, aninter-net 40 and is connected to the public network via thecommunicating unit 11E. Further, the home server 12 is connected to ageneral public network 42. It should be noted that the monitoringapparatus is constructed such that the user is capable of access to thehome server 12 and the movable guarding robot 11 through the inter-net40 and the public network 42.

In the monitoring apparatus shown in FIG. 16, which is used for thedisaster prevention, prepared are a registration mode, a wait and tourmode, a communication and confirmation mode, and a countermeasure modeas the operation modes. If the monitoring is started (step S120) in themonitoring apparatus of the particular configuration, the movableguarding robot 11 is retained first in the waiting mode (step s131).Then, it is confirmed in step S132 whether or not an instruction to makea tour has been given from the user, or whether or not the time to startthe tour has been reached. Where the touring instruction has not beengiven, or the time to start the tour has not yet been reached, themovable guarding robot 11 is retained in the state of detecting anabnormality in the waiting site. If an abnormality has not been detectedin the waiting site in step S133, the operation is brought back again tostep S131. Also, if an abnormality has been detected in step S133, theoperation is shifted to the report and confirmation mode in step S137.

If an instruction to make a tour is given, or if the time to start thetour is reached in step S132, the operation is set at the touring modein step S134. Then, the movable guarding robot 11 starts its tour in thetouring mode, and it is judged whether or not an abnormality has beendetected during the tour (step S135). If an abnormality has not beendetected, it is confirmed whether or not the tour has been finished instep S136. Where the tour has not yet been finished, the operation isbrought back to step S134. On the other hand, if the tour has beenfinished, the operation is brought back to the waiting mode in stepS131. If an abnormality has been detected in step S135, the operation isshifted to the report and confirmation mode in step S137.

In the report and confirmation mode in step S137, an abnormality isreported to the home server 12 through the communicating unit 11D orboth the communicating unit 11D and the inter-net 40, and the homeserver 12 gives an instruction to the movable guarding robot 11 toconfirm the abnormality. The abnormality is also reported to a portabletelephone 41 of the user through the communicating unit 11E, and theuser contacts the home server 12 through the public network 42 inaccordance with the abnormality so as to give a required instruction tothe home server 12. In accordance with the instruction, the home server12 instructs the movable guarding robot 11 or another countermeasureunit to take an appropriate countermeasure.

After the report and confirmation mode in step S137, it is confirmedwhether or not an instruction for the countermeasure has been given fromthe user or the home server 12, or whether or not it has been judgedthat it is possible to take a suitable countermeasure (step S138). Theoperation is brought back to the waiting mode in step S131 in the casewhere an instruction has not been given because a measure need not betaken against the abnormality, or where it is judged that the monitoringapparatus is incapable of dealing with the abnormality and, thus, theuser has reported the situation to the guard (including a policeman or afireman) to that effect.

Where an instruction on the countermeasure has been given from the useror the homer server 12, or where it is judged that the countermeasureunit 20 included in the monitoring apparatus is capable of dealing theabnormality in step S138, a countermeasure mode is set and executed instep S139. Then, it is confirmed in step S140 whether or not theexecuted countermeasure has been finished. Where it has been confirmedthat the executed countermeasure has not yet been finished, theoperation is brought back to step S139. On the other hand, where theexecuted countermeasure has been finished, the operation is brought backto the waiting mode in step S131.

<Registration Mode in the Use for Disaster Prevention>

The user registers the information on the target-objects to be monitoredin the individual monitor-knowledge storing unit 4 by using themonitor-knowledge registering unit 6, as already described. There arevarious target-objects to be monitored in respect of the disasterprevention including, for example, the objects which possibly cause afire such as a small kitchen range, a stove, a smoothing iron and thesurroundings of an electrical outlet; a hot water supply system using agas, a gas cooking stove and a gas stove, which possibly cause a gaspoisoning by, for example, a carbon monoxide gas generated by a gasleakage and the incomplete combustion; and a bath and a washing machine,which possibly cause a water leakage.

In the case of registering the small kitchen range as the target-objectto be monitored, registered is the information on the name, kind, typenumber, installing site, and other features of the small kitchen range.The method of registering the installing site includes the method ofinputting the installing site on the floor plan and the input method inwhich the movable guarding robot is operated from a predeterminedreference position (for example, the charging station) so as to move themovable guarding robot to the installing site and allow it to face inthe camera direction. In this case, the movable guarding robotrecognizes the position of the robot itself by using a sensor mounted tothe robot itself and is positioned to face in the direction of thecamera so as to estimate the position of the small kitchen range and torecord the installing position of the small kitchen range in the mapowned by the robot itself. Concerning the registration of the kind ofthe small kitchen range and the additional information, the item of“small kitchen range” is selected from the general monitor-knowledgestoring unit owned in advance by the movable guarding robot or from thegeneral monitor-knowledge storing unit on the Internet 40, and thegeneral information on the small kitchen range (observing method: acamera, a heat sensor, a smoke sensor; countermeasure method:extinction) is registered in the individual monitor-knowledge storingunit 4 as the information on the target-object to be monitored. In thisfashion, the target-object which the user wishes to be monitored isregistered.

<Wait and Tour Mode>

After completion of the registration, the movable guarding robot isdisposed at a prescribed position such as a charging station. Themovable guarding robot forms a touring route on the basis of theregistered information on the target-object to be monitored, theinternal information on the robot such as remaining amount of thebattery, the instruction from the user, the sensor information owned bythe robot itself, and the information given from the sensor installedwithin the house in view of the sites to be monitored, the frequency ofthe monitoring, and the monitoring time so as to prepare an action planof the movable guarding robot.

The actions of the movable guarding robot include a wait mode, in whichthe movable guarding robot, which is not moved, monitors the states ofthe various sensors and cameras owned by the robot itself and the stateof the stationary sensor installed within the house, and a tour mode, inwhich the movable guarding robot makes a tour for monitoring the statesof the various sensors and cameras owned by the robot itself and thestate of the stationary sensor installed within the house.

The movable guarding robot performs its action based on the action planthus prepared. In the wait and tour mode, the movable guarding robotjudges the kind and occurring site of the abnormality from the wirelesscommunication or the alarming sound generated from the sensor arrangedin advance when the various kinds of sensors mounted to the robot detectan abnormality such as the elevation of the ambient temperature detectedby a temperature sensor, a smoke detected by a smoke sensor and a gasdetected by a gas sensor, or when the sensors arranged in advance withinthe house such as a temperature sensor, a smoke sensor or a gas leakagesensor detects an abnormality. When an abnormality has been detected,the operation is shifted to the report and confirmation mode.

<Report and Confirmation Mode>

The countermeasure is changed depending on the kind of the detectedabnormality in accordance with the countermeasure table stored in thegeneral monitor-knowledge storing unit 5 or the individualmonitor-knowledge storing unit 4. In the case of the detection by asensor having, for example, a high emergency, the reporting process isperformed promptly. Concerning the reporting process, the situation isreported to the user, the defense company and the fire station directlyfrom the movable guarding robot or through the server arrangedseparately. When it comes to a sensor having a low emergency or a sensorgenerating an erroneous report in many cases, the reporting process isnot performed promptly and a confirming process is performed first. Inthe confirming process, the robot itself is moved to the site of theabnormality occurrence or turns the camera to face in the site of theabnormality occurrence in accordance with the instruction from the useror the instruction from the defense company so as to obtain the reflexand sound representing the contents of the abnormality. Then, themovable guarding robot judges the contents of the abnormality from theobtained reflex and sound. Alternatively, the obtained reflex and soundare transmitted to the user or the defense company so as to permit theuser or the defense company to judge the contents of the abnormalityoccurrence. In accordance with the result of the judgment, the operationis shifted to the reporting process or the countermeasure mode.

<Countermeasure Mode>

Where it has been found from the clarified contents of the abnormalitythat it is possible for the movable guarding robot to deal with theabnormality, the abnormality is dealt with by the movable guarding robotitself or by operating the apparatus within the house. For example, thespraying of agent for extinguishing a fire toward a high temperatureportion in the case of detecting a fire can be performed by the movableguarding robot itself. On the other hand, the abnormality that can bedealt with by operating the apparatus within the house covers, forexample, the case where a gas cock breaker is operated when a gasleakage has been detected, and the case where a ventilating fan isturned when a smoke has been detected.

(Examples of Application for Watching)

Described in the following are examples of using the monitoringapparatus of the present invention for the watching of an aged personand an infant in the general household.

(Class of Target-Object to be Watched)

The target-objects to be watched include a diseased person having thehealth impaired, an aged person deteriorated in the recognizingcapacity, judging capacity and the capacity for locomotion, and aninfant who is required to be kept watched. In this example of theapplication, the target-objects to be watched are classified into 6classes given below so as to execute the required watching.

(1) Diseased Person: A Family Member Requiring the Watching Because ofthe Disease

The diseased person stays in many cases at a prescribed site such as abed room. However, since the diseased person freely moves within thehouse, it is necessary to know the site at which the diseased personstays. Therefore, required are the image processing and the voiceprocessing for distinguishing and tracing the diseased person himself orherself. Alternatively, it is necessary for the diseased person to carrya wireless tag.

(2) Aged Person Confined to his Bed: A Aged Person Disabled and Confinedto his Bed Because of His Advanced Age

Since the aged person stays in a prescribed site such as a bed in a bedroom, it is unnecessary to distinguish and trace the aged person.

(3) Aged Person with Dementia: A Aged Person Disordered in the MemoryFunction and the Judging Function Because of his Advanced Age

The aged person stays in many cases at a prescribed site such as aliving room. However, since the aged person freely moves within thehouse, it is necessary to know the site at which the aged person stays.Therefore, required are the image processing and the voice processingfor distinguishing and tracing the aged person himself or herself.Alternatively, it is necessary for the aged person to carry a wirelesstag.

(4) Aged Person with Dementia, who is Confined to his Bed: A Aged PersonDisabled, Confined to his Bed, and Disordered in the Memory Function andthe Judging Function

Since the aged person stays in a prescribed site such as a bed in a bedroom, it is unnecessary to distinguish and trace the aged person.

(5) Infant: An Infant who can Move Freely but is not Provided with aSufficient Judging Function and Physical Power

An infant stays in many cases at a prescribed site such as a children'sroom. However, since the infant freely moves within the house, it isnecessary to know the site at which the infant stays. Therefore,required are the image processing and the voice processing fordistinguishing and tracing the infant himself or herself. Alternatively,it is necessary for the infant to carry a wireless tag.

(6) Young Baby: A Young Baby who Cannot Move by Himself or Herself

Since a young baby stays at a prescribed site such as a baby bed, it isunnecessary to distinguish and trace the young baby.

(Monitoring Task and Sub-Task)

The monitoring task that must be performed by the monitoring apparatusincludes a task for grasping the site at which the target-object to bemonitored stays and an abnormality detecting task described below and isfurther divided into several sub-tasks.

Site Grasping Task:

The site grasping task is a task applied to the class of thetarget-object that can move freely. This task is performed by thegrasping of the movement of the human being by the heat source reactionand by the door opening-closing sensor and by the subsequentidentification of the individual person by means of the voiceidentification and the face image identification or by the grasping ofthe site by the carried wireless tag.

Abnormality Detection Task:

The abnormality detection task is a task for monitoring whether or notthe target-object to be monitored is rendered dangerous. This taskincludes sub-tasks for the activity detection, for the dangerous actiondetection and for the detection of the symptom of the danger givenbelow.

Activity Detection:

The activity detection, which is a sub-task applied to every class, isperformed by the recognition of the respiration and the movement of thebody performed by the image processing and by the recognition of voiceperformed by the voice identification.

Dangerous Action Detection:

In the dangerous action detection, which is a sub-task appliedexclusively to an aged person with dementia and to an infant, recognizedis a dangerous action such as the approach to a high temperatureportion, the movement to a height, and the hang-over from the window ofthe second floor or higher.

Detection of Symptom of Danger:

In the detection of the symptom of the danger, which is a sub-classapplied to every class, recognized is some danger by detecting a shriek,a groan, and a cry exclusively by a voice identifying processing.

(Countermeasure)

Where the abnormality detecting task has detected some abnormality suchas an inactivity, a dangerous action or a symptom of danger, themonitoring apparatus talks to the target-object to be monitored so as tosound out the response or recommends the target-object to stop thedangerous action. Where the situation is not improved even a prescribedtime later, or where a disaster or an intruder has been clearlyrecognized, a stronger countermeasure is taken such as the generation ofan alarming sound, the reporting of the situation to the user outsidethe house, or the recording of the situation.

(Other Assistance)

It is advisable for the monitoring apparatus to provide a topic of theday taken from the inter-net to, particularly, the aged person for thechattering with the aged person in addition to the watching service.Alternatively, it is advisable for the monitoring apparatus to assistthe aged person to facilitate the use of various electrical appliancesand the information apparatuses within the house.

(Modified Embodiments)

The monitoring apparatus of the present invention is not limited to theembodiment described above. It is possible to modify the monitoringapparatus of the present invention in various fashions without departingfrom the technical idea of the present invention.

For example, it is possible to realize the individual monitor-knowledgestoring unit 4 and the individual monitor-knowledge storing unit 5 inthe form of a recording medium detachable from the apparatus body.

Additional advantages and modifications will readily occur to thoseskilled in the art. Therefore, the present invention in its broaderaspects is not limited to the specific details and representativeembodiments shown and described herein. Accordingly, variousmodifications may be made without departing from the spirit or scope ofthe general inventive concept as defined by the appended claims andtheir equivalents.

1. A monitoring apparatus for monitoring and detecting an abnormality ofeach of target-objects in a house used by a predetermined member whichis one of the target-objects, and executing a countermeasure forpreventing a crime in accordance with an abnormal situation of thetarget-object, comprising: first storing unit configured to storegeneral monitor knowledge and information on a general feature of thetarget-objects, a general observing method of the target-objects and ageneral executing method relating to the target-objects; input unitconfigured to input individual monitor knowledge and information on therespective target-objects with utilizing the general monitor knowledgeand information; second storing unit configured to store the individualmonitor knowledge and information; planning unit configured to planobserving and countermeasure programs relating to the abnormal situationof the target-object based on the general and individualmonitor-knowledge and information, wherein the planning unit judges thereasonableness of the automatic switching between the presencemonitoring under a presence mode in which the predetermined member staysand the absence monitoring under an absence mode in which nopredetermined member stays, based on a daily schedule so as to preventthe switching of the monitoring mode based in an erroneous judgment;observing unit configured to set one of the presence monitoring andabsence monitoring based on the judgment in the planning unit, and toobserve the target-object in accordance with an observing program togenerate a situation information in the one of the presence monitoringand absence monitoring, the observing unit causes the planning unit tolearn the daily schedule; and executing unit configured to execute acountermeasure program in accordance with the situation information fromthe observing unit.
 2. The monitoring apparatus according to claim 1,wherein the individual monitor-knowledge and information include name ofthe target-object, which permits individually identifying thetarget-object and the type of the target-object, which permitsidentifying the kind of the target-object to be monitored.
 3. Themonitoring apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the planning unitincludes a third storing unit configured to store situation data of timeinformation and the situation information from the observing unit, thesituation and time information relating to past incidences produced inthe target-object at respective times, wherein the planning unit judgesthe abnormal situation of the target-object from the situation data. 4.The monitoring apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the, thetarget-object is a door or window, and the observing apparatus detectsan abnormality of the door or window.
 5. The monitoring apparatusaccording to claim 1, wherein the target-object is a room door, theobserving unit includes an opening-closing sensor mounted to the roomdoor.
 6. The monitoring apparatus according to claim 1, wherein theinput unit includes an input device that permits the user to input theinformation on the location of the target-object to be monitored bydesignating a coordinate on a display screen.
 7. The monitoringapparatus according to claim 1, wherein the individual monitorinformation includes information denoting a kind of the target-objectand input unit includes a displaying unit configured to displaying kindsof the target-object for selecting one of the kinds.
 8. The monitoringapparatus according to claim 1, wherein the house includes a familyhousing, and the predetermined member corresponds to a family member. 9.A method of monitoring and detecting an abnormality of each oftarget-objects in a house used by a predetermined member which is one ofthe target-objects, and executing a countermeasure for preventing acrime in accordance with an abnormal situation of the target-object,comprising: storing general monitor knowledge and information on ageneral feature of the target-objects, a general observing method of thetarget-objects and a general executing method relating to thetarget-objects; inputting individual monitor knowledge and informationon the respective target-objects with utilizing the general monitorknowledge and information; storing the individual monitor knowledge andinformation; planning observing and countermeasure programs relating tothe abnormal situation of the target-object based on the general andindividual monitor-knowledge and information; judging the reasonablenessof the automatic switching between the presence monitoring under apresence mode in which the predetermined member stays, and the absencemonitoring under an absence mode in which no predetermined member stays,based on a daily schedule so as to prevent the switching of themonitoring mode based in an erroneous judgment; setting one of thepresence monitoring and absence monitoring based on the judgment in thejudging; observing the target-object in accordance with an observingprogram to generate a situation information in the one of the presencemonitoring or the absence monitoring, and learn the daily schedule; andexecuting a countermeasure program in accordance with the situationinformation from the observing the target-object.
 10. The monitoringmethod according to claim 9, wherein the monitoring method correspondsto a household guard method of detecting an abnormality and executing acountermeasure for preventing a crime in the general household.
 11. Themonitoring method according to claim 10, wherein the target-object is adoor or window, and the observing includes detecting an abnormality ofthe door or window.
 12. The monitoring method according to claim 10,wherein the target-object is a room door, the observing includes sensingan opening and closing of the room door.
 13. The monitoring methodaccording to claim 9, wherein the individual monitor-knowledge andinformation include name of the target-object, which permitsindividually identifying the target-object and the type of thetarget-object, which permits identifying the kind of the target-objectto be monitored.
 14. The monitoring method according to claim 9, whereinthe planning includes storing situation data of time information and thesituation information from the observing unit, the situation and timeinformation relating to past incidences produced in the target-object atrespective times, wherein the abnormal situation of the target-object isjudged from the situation data.
 15. The monitoring method according toclaim 9, wherein the inputting includes permitting the user to input theinformation on the location of the target-object to be monitored bydesignating a coordinate on a display screen.
 16. The monitoring methodaccording to claim 9, wherein the individual monitor informationincludes information denoting a kind of the target-object and input unitincludes a displaying unit configured to displaying kinds of thetarget-object for selecting one of the kinds.
 17. The monitoring methodaccording to claim 9, wherein the house includes a family housing, andthe predetermined member corresponds to a family member.